Participating Countries

Education system	1995		1999	2003		2007		2011		2015		2019		2023
Education system	4th grade	8th grade	8th grade	4th grade	8th grade	4th grade	8th grade	4th grade	8th grade	4th grade	8th grade	4th grade	8th grade	4th grade	8th grade
Albania												●		●
Algeria						●	●
Argentina		○			○
Armenia				●	●	●	●	●	●	○	○	●		●
Australia	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●
Austria	●	●				●		●				●			●
Azerbaijan								●				●		●	●
Bahrain					●		●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●
Belgium (Flemish)-BEL		●	●	●	●			●		●		●		●
Belgium (French)-BEL		●												●
Bosnia and Herzegovina							●					●		●
Botswana¹					●		●	●	●		●
Brazil														●	●
Bulgaria		●	●		●		●			●		●		●
Canada	●	●	●							●	●	●		●
Chile			●		●			●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●
Chinese Taipei			●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●
Colombia		●				●	●
Cote D'Ivoire															●
Croatia								●		●		●
Cyprus	●	●	●	●	●		●			●		●	●	●	●
Czech Republic	●	●	●			●	●	●		●		●		●	●
Denmark		●				●		●		●		●		●
Egypt					●		●				●		●
El Salvador						●	●
England-GBR	●	●	●	●	○	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●
Estonia					●
Finland			●					●	●	●		●	●	●	●
France		●								●		●	●	●	●
Georgia						●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●
Germany		●				●		●		●		●		●
Ghana					●		●		●
Greece	●	●
Honduras²								●	●
Hong Kong-CHN	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●
Hungary	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●
Iceland	●	●
Indonesia	○	○	●		●		●		●	●
Iran, Islamic Republic of	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●
Iraq, Republic of														●
Ireland	●	●						●		●	●	●	●	●	●
Israel	●	●	●		●		●		●		●		●		●
Italy	○	○	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●
Japan	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●
Jordan			●		●		●		●	●	●		●	●	●
Kazakhstan						●		●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●
Korea, Republic of	●	●	●		●		●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●
Kosovo												●		●
Kuwait	●	●				●	●	●		●	●	●	●
Latvia	●	●	●	●	●	●						●		●
Lebanon					●		●		●		●		●
Lithuania		●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●
Macao-CHN														●
Malaysia			●		●		●		●		●		●		●
Malta							●	●			●	●			●
Mexico	○	○
Moldova, Republic of			●	●	●
Mongolia						○	○
Montenegro												●		●
Morocco			●	●	●	●	○	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●
Netherlands	●	●	●	●	●	●		●		●		●		●
New Zealand	●	●	●	●	●	●		●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●
North Macedonia			●		●				●			●		●
Northern Ireland-GBR								●		●		●		●
Norway³	●	●		●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●
Oman							●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●
Pakistan												●
Palestinian Nat'l Auth.					●		●		●						●
Philippines		○	●	●	●							●
Poland								●		●		●		●
Portugal	●	●						●		●		●	●	●	●
Qatar						●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●
Romania		●	●		●		●	●	●				●	●	●
Russian Federation		●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●
Saudi Arabia					●		●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●
Scotland-GBR	●	●		●	●	●	●
Serbia					●		●	●		●		●		●
Singapore	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●
Slovak Republic		●	●		●	●		●		●		●		●
Slovenia	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●			●
South Africa⁴		●	●		●				●	●	●	●	●	●	●
Spain		●						●		●		●		●
Sweden		●			●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●
Switzerland		●
Syrian Arab Republic							●		●
Thailand	●	●	●				●	●	●		●
Tunisia			●	●	●	●	●	●	●
Turkey⁵			●				●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●
Ukraine						●	●		●
United Arab Emirates								●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●
United States	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●
Uzbekistan														●	●
Yemen⁶				○		●		●
Total	29	46	38	26	47	37	50	50	42	49	38	58	39	59	43

U.S. benchmarking states
Alabama-USA									●
California-USA									●
Colorado-USA	●								●
Connecticut-USA			●						●
Florida-USA								●	●	●	●
Idaho-USA			●
Illinois-USA		●	●
Indiana-USA			●	●	●				●
Maryland-USA			●
Massachusetts-USA			●			●	●		●
Michigan-USA			●
Minnesota-USA	●	●				●	●		●
Missouri-USA⁷		●	●
North Carolina-USA			●					●	●
Oregon-USA⁷		●	●
Pennsylvania-USA			●
South Carolina-USA			●
Texas-USA			●
Total	2	4	13	1	1	2	2	2	9	1	1	0	0	0	0

Other benchmarking participants
Abu Dhabi-UAE								●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●
Alberta-CAN	●	●	●			●		●	●
Basque Country-ESP					●		●
British Columbia-CAN			●			●	●
Buenos Aires-ARG										●	●
Dubai-UAE						●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●
Gauteng-ZAF⁸													●
Kurdistan-IRQ														●
Madrid-ESP												●
Moscow City-RUS												●	●	●	●
Ontario-CAN	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●
Quebec-CAN	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●
Sharjah-UAE														●	●
Western Cape-ZAF⁸													●
Total	3	3	4	2	3	5	5	5	5	5	5	6	7	7	4

● = Indicates participation in particular assessment with results reported or forthcoming.

○ = Indicates participation in particular assessment but results either not reported or reported separately, typically due to sampling, response rates, or other procedural problems with the data.

¹ Botswana assessed 6th-grade students in 2011 and 9th-grade students in 2011 and 2015.

² Honduras assessed 6th-grade students and 9th-grade students in 2011.

³ Starting in TIMSS 2015, Norway chose to assess students in the 5th and 9th years of schooling, so students would be compared with similar age students in Sweden, Denmark, and Finland. To maintain trend with previous TIMSS cycles, in 2015 Norway also collected data from students in their 4th and 8th years of schooling.

⁴ South Africa assessed 5th-grade students since 2015 and 9th-grade students since 2011 to better match their curricula and to maintain trend measurement.

⁵ Starting in 2019, Turkey chose to assess students in the 5th-grade.

⁶ Yemen assessed both 4th-grade and 6th-grade students in 2011.

⁷ Missouri-USA and Oregon-USA participated in the 1997 TIMSS Benchmarking Study, which administered the TIMSS 1995 assessment to 8th-grade students in 1997.

⁸ South Africa's benchmarking systems, Gauteng and Western Cape, assessed 9th-grade students in 2019 to better match their curricula and to maintain trend measurement.

NOTE: OECD member countries are bolded. Subnational education systems are italicized.

SOURCE: International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA), Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS).