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Race, Color, and National Origin Discrimination: Key Issues

The Office for Civil Rights (OCR) enforces Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits discrimination based on race, color, and national origin in programs or activities receiving federal financial assistance. Explore key issue areas below to learn more and find related policy guidance, case resolutions, and other publications relating to Title VI enforcement.

Harassment

View policy guidance, fact sheets, and other materials related to harassment and race, color, and national origin discrimination.

Equal Education Opportunities for English Learners

Title VI requires that schools, districts, and SEAs take affirmative steps to address language barriers. View related policy guidance and fact sheets.

Immigration/Citizen Status and Equal Rights to Public Education

Citizenship or immigration status of students, parents, or guardians cannot be used to bar students from public schools. View related guidance.

Racial Discrimination in School Discipline

Student discipline practices in schools receiving federal financial assistance must comply with Title VI's non-discrimination requirements.

Retaliation

Retaliatory acts against any individual who exercises their rights under Title VI are considered to be discrimination and are unlawful.

Shared Ancestry Discrimination

Title VI protects students from discrimination based on actual or perceived shared ancestry or ethnic characteristics. Learn more and view guidance.

Supporting Racial Diversity

Guidance for school districts, colleges, and universities on pursuing racial diversity consistent with Title VI and Supreme Court decisions.

Equal Access to Educational Opportunities

Learn about Title VI obligations to provide students of every race, color, and national origin with equal access to educational opportunities.

Race Discrimination in Special Education

Title VI requires that students of all races, colors, and national origins have equitable access to special education services and supports.

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Page Last Reviewed:
December 25, 2024