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Beauvais, F. (1996). Trends in Drug Use among American Indian Students and Dropouts, 1975 to 1994. American Journal of Public Health 86(11), 1594-1598.

This 20-year surveillance project tracks the trends in substance abuse among American Indian students and examines the observed patterns to discover implications for prevention and treatment. The current phase of this work includes data on drug use among Indian school dropouts. Anonymous drug use surveys are administered annually to a nationally representative sample of 7th- to 12th-grade Indian youths residing on or near reservations. An adjustment for dropouts is made to provide estimates for the entire age cohort. Indian youth continue to show very high rates of drug use compared with their non-Indian peers. The trends in rates during the last 20 years parallel those of non-Indian youth. While overall drug use may be decreasing, about 20% of Indian adolescents continue to be heavily involved with drugs, a proportion that has not changed since 1980. Adjustment for school dropouts increases the estimate for the entire age cohort.

Bureau of Indian Affairs, Office of Indian Education Programs (2001). 2001 Risk Behavior Survey of High School Students Attending Bureau Funded Schools . Retrieved May 5, 2005 from http://www.oiep.bia.edu/docs/hsyrbs_2001.pdf

This report summarizes the results of the 2001 Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), Office of Indian Education Programs Youth Risk Behavior Survey which was completed in the spring of 2001 by 5,654 BIA high school students. Sixty-six out of a possible 75 Bureau schools with grades 9-12 participated. This represents a 66% student response rate and a 92% school response rate. A weighting factor was applied to each student record to adjust for students who did not complete the survey. This report is designed to stimulate useful data driven discussion among educators, parents, and youth in BIA funded schools about more effective ways to focus local programs and activities used to address risk behaviors.

Bureau of Justice Statistics (2004, December). A BJS Statistical Profile, 1992-2002: American Indians and Crime. PDF (873 KB) Retrieved August 30, 2005 from http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/aic02.pdf.

Summarizes data on American Indians in the criminal justice system and reports the rates and characteristics of violent crimes experienced by American Indians. This report updates a previous BJS report, American Indians and Crime, published in 1999. The findings include the involvement of alcohol, drugs, and weapons in violence against Indians. The report describes victim-offender relationships, the race of those involved in violence against Indians, and the rate of reporting to police by victims. It discusses the rates of arrest, suspect investigations and charges filed, and incarceration of Indians for violent crimes.

Council of Chief State School Officers (2006). High School Redesign and Native American Students: How Can the Nation’s High Schools respond to the Needs of Native American Students? PDF (93 KB) Retrieved July 25, 2006 from http://www.ccsso.org/content/pdfs/3%2023%2006%20IssueReport-Final_BC%20Edits.pdf.

This Council of Chief State School Officers issue paper discusses a focus group conducted to address the needs of Native American high school students. The focus group was help prior to the Strengthening Partnerships for American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian Students Education Conference in October, 2005.

Dinkes, R., Cataldi, E.F., Kena, G., and Baum, K. (2006). Indicators of School Crime and Safety: 2006 (NCES 2007-003/NCJ 214262). U.S. Departments of Education and Justice. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Retrieved December 13, 2006 from http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2007003.

A joint effort by the Bureau of Justice Statistics and National Center for Education Statistics, this annual report examines crime occurring in school as well as on the way to and from school. It provides the most current detailed statistical information to inform the Nation on the nature of crime in schools. This report presents data on crime at school from the perspectives of students, teachers, principals, and the general population from an array of sources--the National Crime Victimization Survey, the School Crime Supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey, the Youth Risk Behavior Survey, the School Survey on Crime and Safety and the School and Staffing Survey. Data on crime away from school are also presented to place school crime in the context of crime in the larger society.

Guerino, P., Hurwitz, M.D., Noonan, M.E., and Kaffenberger, S.M. (2006). Crime, Violence, Discipline, and Safety in U.S. Public Schools: Findings from the School Survey on Crime and Safety: 2003-04 (NCES 2007-302). U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Retrieved December 13, 2006 from http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2007302.

This report presents national-level information about crime and safety in U.S. public schools as reported by school principals, including the frequency of criminal incidents at school, the use of disciplinary actions, and efforts to prevent and reduce crime at school. Data come from the 2003–04 School Survey on Crime and Safety (SSOCS:2004). Eighteen percent of public schools reported at least one serious violent incident during the 2003–04 school year; two percent of public schools reported hate crimes; five percent of public schools reported gang-related crimes.

Parker, T. (2004). Factors Associated with American Indian Teens' Self-Rated Health. PDF (115 KB) American Indian Alaska Native Health Research 11(3), 1-19.

Factors related to American Indian (AI) high school students' self-rated health were examined. Self-rated health was measured as a single-item with a four-point response option ranging from poor to excellent health. Of the 574 participants, 19% reported "fair" or "poor" health, a percentage more than twice that for U.S. high school students in general. Gender (related to family finances), school achievement, social competence, and cannabis use were significantly associated with the AI teens' self-rated health. In comparative examination, factors associated with AI teens' health ratings were found to be similar and dissimilar to ratings of other teens in important ways.

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Disclaimer: The papers on this web page are provided for your convenience. We believe these papers provide information that is relevant and useful to efforts to improve teaching and learning for Native American students. The opinions expressed in these papers, however, do not necessarily reflect the positions or policies of the Office of Indian Education or the U.S. Department of Education. Also, the inclusion of papers here does not represent, nor should it be construed or interpreted as, an endorsement by the U.S. Department of Education of any private organization or business.

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