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2 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (1994), Statistical Brief: More Education Means Higher Career Earnings, p. 2.
3 U.S. Department of Education, National Library of Education (1999), College for All? Is There Too Much Emphasis on Getting a Four-Year Degree?, pp 30-31.
4 The Condition of Education 2000, pp. 49, 149 (Table 32-1) (using three-year averages for low-income students, African Americans, and Hispanics), 151 (Table 32-3).
5 National Center for Education Statistics, Digest of Education Statistics 1999, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Education, 2000, p. 156 (Table 142).
6 The College Board, "College Board Reports 'Decade of Promise' for America's College-Bound Students As Record Numbers Take the SAT and Advanced Placement Courses," August 31, 1999 (available at www.collegeboard.com/press/senior99/html/990831.html) [hereinafter "College Board SAT/AP Report"].
7 Unless otherwise noted, the data come from The Condition of Education 1999, pp. 132, 140, 142, 152, 274-76.
8 The Condition of Education 2000, p. 156 (Table 38-3).
9 The Condition of Education 2000, pp. 15, 129 (Table 10-1).
10 McPherson, Michael S., and Morton Owen Schapiro (1998), The Student Aid Game: Meeting Need and Rewarding Talent in American Higher Education, p. 39.
11 The College Board (1997), Memory, Reason, Imagination: A Quarter Century of Pell Grants.
12 Kane, Thomas J (1999), The Price of Admission: Rethinking How Americans Pay for College, p. 127.
13 Student Lending Update, "Interview with James Gathard, Senior Vice President for Business Executives for NationsBank Education Loans," January 13, 1998.
14 Macro International (1999), Five-Year Assessment of the Direct Loan program.
15 Aguirre International (1999), An Evaluation of AmeriCorps Summary, pp. 3, 8.
16 U.S. Department of Labor, FY 2001 Budget Justifications of Appropriation Estimates and Performance Plans for Committee on Appropriations, p. TES-91.
17 U.S. Department of Education, National Library of Education (1999), College for All? Is There Too Much Emphasis on Getting a Four-Year Degree?, Washington, DC, pp 26, 30-31.
18 National Center for Education Statistics, The Condition of Education 2000, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Education, 2000, p. 34.
19 U.S. Department of Labor (1999), Futurework: Trends and Challenges for Work in the 21st Century, Washington, DC, p. vii.
20 Council of Economic Advisors (2000), Economic Report of the President, p. 137.
21 The Condition of Education 2000, pp. 15, 129 (Table 10-1).
22 The Condition of Education 2000, p. 33.
23 Digest of Education Statistics 1999, p. 127 (Table 108); The Condition of Education 2000, p. 154 (Table 38-1).
24 Adelman, C. (1999), Answers in the Tool Box: Academic Intensity, Attendance Patterns, and Bachelor's Degree Attainment, Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education.
25 Digest of Education Statistics 1999, p. 156 (Table 142).
26 The College Board, "More Schools, Teachers, and Students Accepted the AP Challenge in 1998-99," August 31, 1999 (available at www.collegeboard.com/press/senior99/html/990831b.html ); College Board SAT/AP Report.
27 College Board SAT/AP Report.
28 The Condition of Education 2000, pp. 49, 149 (Table 32-1) (using three-year averages for low-income students, African Americans, and Hispanics), 151 (Table 32-3).
29 The Condition of Education 2000, p. 156 (Table 38-3).
30 The Condition of Education 2000, p. 56.
31 National Center for Education Statistics, The Condition of Education 1999, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Education, 1999, p. 34.
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