_________________________________________________________________________ |Just driving or| Visiting with | Talking with | Student and school | riding around | friends at a |friends on the| characteristics | |local hangout | telephone | |_______________|_______ _______|_______ ______| | 1980 | 1990 | 1980 | 1990 | 1980 | 1990 | _________________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|______| All sophomores............ 47.1 56.1 67.2 66.3 76.6 80.1 Male ................... 51.0 57.9 69.4 69.5 66.5 72.5 Female ................. 43.3 54.3 65.2 63.1 86.2 87.7 Race/ethnicity White .................. 49.0 58.9 68.7 68.7 78.4 81.7 Black .................. 38.0 50.1 64.8 59.1 73.3 79.6 Hispanic ............... 46.6 47.6 60.2 59.3 68.6 72.4 Asian .................. 31.5 44.0 55.3 57.1 67.7 78.3 American Indian......... 51.6 53.3 62.2 70.4 59.4 65.1 Test performance quartile Lowest ................. 48.9 59.6 65.0 66.1 72.3 74.8 Second ................. 51.1 62.0 69.1 69.0 77.3 80.9 Third .................. 47.9 57.8 69.7 68.5 78.9 83.9 Highest ................ 39.7 45.8 64.8 61.1 78.2 80.4 Socioeconomic status* Low .................... 43.1 55.1 61.2 62.6 68.6 72.2 Middle ................ 49.5 58.3 68.7 68.0 78.2 81.9 High .................. 47.2 52.0 70.8 66.2 83.0 83.5 Control of school Public.................. 47.7 57.1 66.9 65.9 76.1 79.9 Catholic................ 40.3 51.6 71.4 75.8 81.7 86.8 Other private........... 43.9 39.6 65.3 58.7 79.2 77.6 _________________________________________________________________________*Socioeconomic status was measured by a composite score on parental education and occupations, and family income. The "low" SES group is the lowest quartile; the "middle" SES group is the middle two quartiles; and the "high" SES group is the upper quartile.
________________________________________________________________ | Reading for |Hours of television on Student and school | pleasure | on school nights characteristics | |_______________________ |_______ ______| 5 or more |More than 5 | 1980 | 1990 |hours, 1980|hours, 1990 _________________________|_______|______|___________|___________ All sophomores........... 41.1 41.0 27.3 9.1 Male .................. 34.3 33.8 29.1 10.2 Female ................ 47.9 48.2 24.9 8.0 Race/ethnicity White ................. 40.4 41.5 25.1 6.7 Black ................. 46.6 41.2 39.8 23.0 Hispanic .............. 36.3 38.2 27.3 10.2 Asian ................. 50.4 40.2 23.5 6.9 American Indian........ 41.8 39.5 26.5 15.8 Test performance quartile Lowest ................ 30.7 27.7 35.3 17.9 Second ................ 34.3 36.3 31.7 11.8 Third ................. 40.3 42.4 25.6 5.9 Highest ............... 57.8 55.8 18.1 3.2 Socioeconomic status* Low ................... 37.0 37.4 34.4 13.5 Middle ............... 40.7 40.4 27.4 9.5 High ................. 46.7 46.1 19.1 3.4 Control of school Public................. 40.9 40.9 28.1 9.6 Catholic............... 41.4 41.0 21.2 5.8 Other private.......... 43.8 45.6 18.7 1.8 _______________________________________________________________
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, High School and Beyond Base Year Survey, "1980 Sophomore Cohort;" and National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988, "First Followup" survey.