A r c h i v e d  I n f o r m a t i o n

Preparation of this report was supported by the Office of Educational Research and Improvement (OERI) of the U.S. Department of Education. This work is part of the Studies of Education Reform Program of the Department of Education's Office of Educational Research and Improvement, under contract number RR 91-1720-10. The program supports and disseminates practical information about implementing and sustaining successful innovations in American education. The opinions in this document do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the U.S. Department of Education, and no official endorsement should be inferred.

Many individuals contributed to the research, analysis, and thinking on which this report is based. The SRI site visit teams who prepared the case study reports that provided the foundation for our conclusions were led by Drs. Kerry Olson, Barbara Means, and Joan Ruskus. Other team members included Teresa Middleton, Katie Ann Kaattari, Gabriela Magaña Banks, and Kimberly Austin. Catherine Cobb Morocco, Arlene R. Remz, and Judith Zorfass of the Education Development Corporation contributed to the synthesis of the literature appearing in Chapter 2.

We have benefited from the insights and suggestions of our panel of advisors: Milton Chen, Allan Collins, Jane David, Joan Herman, and Karen Sheingold. We are thankful also for the counsel of Dr. Ram Singh, our monitor at OERI.

Although they are too numerous to name individually, we are indebted also to the many administrators, teachers, and students who welcomed us into their classrooms and shared their insights and concerns with so much candor.

Preparation of the manuscript was ably supported by Carolyn Estey and Augustina Biosic, with editing by Klaus Krause.

August 1995

Barbara Means Kerry Olson Menlo Park, California

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[Title page]

[Executive Summary]