A r c h i v e d  I n f o r m a t i o n

Systemic Reform - October 1996

Tables for Chapter 5: Teachers' Practice and Opportunities to Learn

Table 6
Percent Time Students Spent in Reading Using Cognitive Processes

CA Elementary

a. Memorize (e.g., spelling, vocabulary, grammar)

1.6%

b. Understand concepts

14.5%

c. Classify/Order/Group/Outline

4.4%

d. Comprehend/Summarize

13.6%

e. Interpret/Question

11.6%

f. Investigate/Question

11.1%

g. Analyze/Infer

13.1%

h. Evaluate/Critique

8.8%

I. Identify with another’s point of view

9.4%

j. Apply/Create

11.9%

Table 7
Amount of Time Spent Per Week on Each Area in Reading

MI Elementary

MI Middle

Phonics

12.5 Mins

0 Mins

Word recognition

24.5 Mins

20 Mins

Word meaning

45 Mins

20 Mins

Comprehension strategies (e.g., summarizing, self-questioning)

135 Mins

60 Mins

Text types (e.g., narrative, adventure, biography)

63 Mins

70 Mins

Text features (e.g., charts, headings, metaphors)

50 Mins

30 Mins

Responding to reading (e.g., author’s intent, evaluations)

72 Mins

41.3 Mins

Table 8
Percent Time Spent in Reading
Using Type of Instructional Materials

MI Elementary

MI Middle

Reading basals

36.0%

20.0%

Trade books - literature

50.0%

40.0%

Subject basals

1.7%

7.5%

Workbooks/worksheets

9.0%

11.3%

Other

4.0%

21.3%

Table 9
Average Time Spent Per Week on Specific Writing Activities


 VT Elementary VT Middle

Prewriting

31.7 Mins

52.5 Mins

Writing drafts

70 Mins

72 Mins

Revising

33.3 Mins

60 Mins

Proof-reading

30 Mins

36 Mins

Editing

40 Mins

45 Mins

Publishing

46.7 Mins

30 Mins

Style

21.4 Mins

22.5 Mins

Purposes of writing

26.3 Mins

24 Mins

Spelling

73.3 Mins

30 Mins

Grammar/punctuation

56.7 Mins

66 Mins

Handwriting

30 Mins

0 Mins

Table 10
Average Time Spent Per Week on Reading
(Elementary School)

MI Elementary

386.1 Mins

CA Elementary

400.7 Mins

Table 11
Average Time Spent Per Week on Reading Activities
(Elementary School)

MI Elementary

CA Elementary

Whole class lessons

84 Mins

57.5 Mins

Whole class discussion

107 Mins

79.4 Mins

Teacher read aloud

44.5 Mins

78.1 Mins

Small group lessons

19.5 Mins

79.4 Mins

Small group discussion

24 Mins

57.5 Mins

Students working in pairs/teams/ small groups

93 Mins

141 Mins

Individual work

93 Mins

75 Mins

Routines, interruptions, other non-instructional

8 Mins

5.6 Mins

Table 12
Average Time Spent Per Week on Specific Writing Activities
(Middle School)

VT

CA

Prewriting

52.5 Mins

36 Mins

Writing drafts

72 Mins

102 Mins

Revising

60 Mins

78 Mins

Proof-reading

36 Mins

72 Mins

Editing

45 Mins

72 Mins

Publishing

30 Mins

36 Mins

Style

22.5 Mins

42 Mins

Purposes of writing

24 Mins

48 Mins

Spelling

30 Mins

48 Mins

Grammar/punctuation

66 Mins

72 Mins

Handwriting

0 Mins

6 Mins