Archived: Towards Resiliency: Table 8

A r c h i v e d I n f o r m a t i o n

Towards Resiliency: At-Risk Students Who Make It to College - May 1998

Table 8.--Four-step logistic regression for probability of at-risk students attending some postsecondary education versus none, predicted by parent engagement, student engagement, friends? engagement with learning, and college preparation activities (N=2,796)^[1]

Odds ratio for at-risk students attending PSE vs. none^[3]

Predicted variable ^[2] Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4

Parent engagement with student?s learning
  Parents discussed school-related matters
  with student

    Missing 1.15   1.15   1.08   1.09
    Some discussion 1.59** 1.57** 1.47* 1.50*
    Much discussion 2.31** 2.26** 2.10** 1.96**

  Parents? educational expectations for student
    Missing 2.24** 2.22** 2.15** 2.24**
    Vocational/trade 1.73** 1.74** 1.79   1.63
    Some college 2.91** 2.90** 2.63** 2.25**
    Bachelor?s degree 3.01** 2.96** 2.66** 2.38**
    Advanced degree 3.05** 2.93** 2.50* 2.16*

Student engagement with school

  Student?s class attendance

    Missing 1.12   1.02   1.04
    Moderate attendance 0.94   O.85   0.82
    High attendance 0.87   0.78   0.80

  Extracurricular activities student participated in
    Missing 1.00   0.83   0.73
    One 1.02   0.99   0.95
    Two 1.43   1.27   1.18

Friends? engagement with learning
  Importance of learning to student?s friends
    Missing 1.56* 1.47
    Moderately important 1.29   1.26
    Highly important 1.95** 1.82**

  Number of friends who planned to attend a
  4-year college
    Missing 1.82* 2.06*
    Few to some 1.48   1.30
    Most to all 2.27** 1.75*

College preparation activities
  Amount of aid information used by student

    Missing 0.81
    One 1.05
    Two or more 1.44*

  Number of people student talked to about aid

    Missing 0.76
    One 1.67**
    Two 1.68**
    Three 1.88**
    Four or more 0.72

  Participated in any HS outreach program

    Yes 1.40

  Student got help preparing for entrance exam

    Missing 2.20
    Yes 1.15

  Student received help from school with college
  application process

    Missing 0.85
    Yes 1.30

¹ Results in this table were estimated by the SUDAAN software, using the weight F3QWT92G. The x² values for each respective step are: 550.63, 561.36, 621.06, and 750.18. All are significant at p < .01.

² Each logistic regression controlled for six risk factors?socioeconomic status, number of times of changing school, GPA from grade 6 to 8, single parent family, ever held back, having one or more siblings who dropped out of school, and two achievement measures including the 8th-grade combined math, reading, science, and social studies test scores and level of mathematics courses taken over the four years of high school.

³ *p > .05, **p > .01.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Education Longitudinal Study (NELS:88/94).


	Odds ratio for at-risk students attending PSE vs. none^[3]

Predicted variable ^[2]	Step 1	Step 2	Step 3	Step 4

Parent engagement with student?s learning
Parents discussed school-related matters with student
Missing	1.15	1.15	1.08	1.09
Some discussion	1.59**	1.57**	1.47*	1.50*
Much discussion	2.31**	2.26**	2.10**	1.96**

Parents? educational expectations for student
Missing	2.24**	2.22**	2.15**	2.24**
Vocational/trade	1.73**	1.74**	1.79	1.63
Some college	2.91**	2.90**	2.63**	2.25**
Bachelor?s degree	3.01**	2.96**	2.66**	2.38**
Advanced degree	3.05**	2.93**	2.50*	2.16*

Student engagement with school
Student?s class attendance
Missing		1.12	1.02	1.04
Moderate attendance		0.94	O.85	0.82
High attendance		0.87	0.78	0.80

Extracurricular activities student participated in
Missing		1.00	0.83	0.73
One		1.02	0.99	0.95
Two		1.43	1.27	1.18

Friends? engagement with learning
Importance of learning to student?s friends
Missing			1.56*	1.47
Moderately important			1.29	1.26
Highly important			1.95**	1.82**

Number of friends who planned to attend a 4-year college
Missing			1.82*	2.06*
Few to some			1.48	1.30
Most to all			2.27**	1.75*

College preparation activities
Amount of aid information used by student
Missing				0.81
One				1.05
Two or more				1.44*

Number of people student talked to about aid
Missing				0.76
One				1.67**
Two				1.68**
Three				1.88**
Four or more				0.72

Participated in any HS outreach program
Yes				1.40

Student got help preparing for entrance exam
Missing				2.20
Yes				1.15

Student received help from school with college application process
Missing				0.85
Yes				1.30

¹ Results in this table were estimated by the SUDAAN software, using the weight F3QWT92G. The x² values for each respective step are: 550.63, 561.36, 621.06, and 750.18. All are significant at p < .01. ² Each logistic regression controlled for six risk factors?socioeconomic status, number of times of changing school, GPA from grade 6 to 8, single parent family, ever held back, having one or more siblings who dropped out of school, and two achievement measures including the 8th-grade combined math, reading, science, and social studies test scores and level of mathematics courses taken over the four years of high school. ³ p > .05, *p > .01. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Education Longitudinal Study (NELS:88/94).

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