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| Keyboarding, Reading, and Spelling (KRS). A program which teaches students in grades 1-6 to use a microcomputer keyboard to learn to type, read, and spell. |
Audience Approved by PEP for students grades 1-6. Supporting data also were gathered from students in grades 7-8.
Description Keyboarding, Reading, Spelling (KRS) is an instructional program that enhances reading achievement and keyboard skills. The program uses a phonetic approach to reading, with the microcomputer being an essential component of the instructional process. The computer does not replace the teacher in instructing, but rather provides opportunities for students to master skills through reinforced practice. The software runs on the Apple, Macintosh, and IBM PC-compatible computers and requires a single disk drive and DOS 3.3 or higher (on IBM PCs); a color monitor is preferred, but not required. KRS can be networked.
The program works whether one or more computers are available to a class or whether there is a computer lab in the school. Although the teacher teaches some skills, students are independent as they work at the computer.
KRS will help ensure students' competency in reading, writing, and communicating and adaptation to new technologies (Goals 3 and 6).
Evidence of Effectiveness Students in grade 1, using the typewriter version of the program, demonstrate reading achievement scores, as measured by the CAT, that are higher than scores of students in a true control group, at a statistically significant level (p<.01).
Students in grade 3, using the microcomputer version of the program, demonstrate reading comprehension and speed-and-accuracy scores, as measured by the Gates-MacGinitie Reading Tests, that are higher than scores of students in a nonequivalent control group, at a statistically significant level (p<.01). Typewriting and computer usage skills are also statistically significant for the experimental group when compared to the control group. Visual and auditory memory skills improved significantly.
Students in grades 1-6 using KRS demonstrate reading vocabulary, comprehension, and language skills scores, as measured by the Metropolitan Achievement Test, significantly higher (p<.01) than scores of control students who also spent an equal amount of time in the computer lab in other computer programs. Computer usage and typing skills are also statistically significant for the experimental group when compared to the control group.
Requirements A one-day preparatory inservice education program conducted by a Reid Foundation staff person is desirable. The program includes lecture and practice sessions. It would be advantageous to the trainees to have Apple, Macintosh, or IBM PC-compatible computers available. It is desired that data from pre- and posttests be sent to the Developer/Demonstrator.
Costs The basic program which includes four disks costs $180. Five sets of the four disks cost $468. Notify the Reid Foundation of which size disks (3 1/2" or 5 1/4") are needed.
Services Awareness materials are available at no cost. Visitors are welcome by appointment at the program site and additional sites in other states. Program staff are available to attend out-of-state awareness meetings at no cost. Training can be done at the program site or at adopter sites. An awareness videotape is available for rental. At initial awareness and training sessions, time is provided without cost and expenses are negotiated. Training and awareness can take place the same day.
Developmental Funding: Local.
JDRP No. 84-14 (3/26/84)
Recertified (4/1/94)
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[Learning To Read Through the Arts Program]