Endnotes

1. Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2001. Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office: 2000.

2. U.S. Department of Education. TRIO program data, fiscal years 1993 and 2000.

3. The College Board. Trends in Student Aid. New York: 1999.

4. See endnote 2..

5. U.S. Department of Education. Pell Grant program data, fiscal years 1993 and 2000.

6. U.S. Department of Education. Higher Education account program data, fiscal years 1990 and 2000.

7. U.S. Department of Education. National Center for Education Statistics, The Condition of Education 2000, NCES 2000-062, Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2000.

8. U.S. Department of Education. "A Back to School Special Report. Growing Pains: The Challenge of Overcrowded Schools Is Here to Stay." August 21, 2000.

9. U.S. Department of Education. National Center for Education Statistics. Descriptive Summary of 1995-96 Beginning Postsecondary Students: Three Years Later, NCES 2000-154, by Lutz Berkner, Laura Horn, and Michael Clune. Project Officer: C. Dennis Carroll. Washington, DC: 2000.

10. U.S. Department of Education. National Center for Education Statistics. Stopouts or Stayouts? Undergraduates Who Leave College in Their First Year, NCES 1999-087, by Laura Horn. Project Officer: Dennis Carroll. Washington DC: 1998.

11. Kominski, Robert and Andrea Adams, Educational Attainment in the United States: March 1993 and 1992, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, P20-476, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1994.

12. See endnote 8..

13. See endnote 8..

14. U.S. Department of Education. National Center for Education Statistics, Digest of Education Statistics, 1999, NCES 2000-031, by Thomas D. Snyder. Production Manager, Charlene M. Hoffman. Washington DC: 2000.

15. Sacremento Bee, September 29, 1999.

16. U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. Distance Education at Postsecondary Education Institutions: 1997-98. NCES 2000-013, by Laurie Lewis, Kyle Snow, Elizabeth Farris, Douglas Levin. Bernie Greene, project officer. Washington, DC: 1999.

17. Institute of International Education. Open Doors Report on International Educational Exchange: 1998-99. New York: 1999.

18. See endnote 9..

19. Note that this is properly the "Act of July 7, 1862," though it is commonly referenced as the "First Morrill Act."

20. U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, "Projected Postsecondary Outcomes of 1992 High School Graduates," (Working Paper), Washington, DC: 1999.

21. U.S. Department of Education. National Center for Education Statistics, Access to Postsecondary Education for the 1992 High Schools Graduates, NCES 98-105, by Lutz Berkner and Lisa Chavez. Project Officer: C. Dennis Carroll. Washington DC: 1997.

22. U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, "Beginning Postsecondary Students (BPS)." Unpublished tabulations.

23. U.S. Department of Education. National Center for Education Statistics, Digest of Education Statistics, 1999, NCES 2000-031, by Thomas D. Snyder. Production Manager, Charlene M. Hoffman. Washington DC: 2000.

24. See endnote 22..

25. See endnote 23..

26. See endnote 23..

27. U.S. Department of Education. National Center for Education Statistics. Students With Disabilities in Postsecondary Education: A Profile of Preparation, Participation, and Outcomes, NCES 1999-187, by Laura Horn and Jennifer Berktold. Project Officer: Larry Bobbitt. Washington DC: 1999.

28. Ibid.

29. See endnote 1..

30. See endnote 20..

31. See endnote 11..

32. U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, The Condition of Education 1999, NCES 1999-022, Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1999.

33. The College Board. Trends in College Pricing. New York: 1999.

34. U.S. Department of Education. "National Postsecondary Student Aid Study, 1995-96." Unpublished tabulations.

35. U.S. Department of Education. National Center for Education Statistics, Digest of Education Statistics, 1999, NCES 2000-031, by Thomas D. Snyder. Production Manager, Charlene M. Hoffman. Washington DC: 2000.

36. See endnote 33..

37. U.S. Department of Education. National Center for Education Statistics. Debt Burden Four Years AfterCollege, NCES 2000-188, by Susan P. Choy. Project Officer: C. Dennis Carroll. Washington, DC: 2000.

38. U.S. Department of Education, Press Release: "National Student Loan Default Rate Lowest Ever." October 2, 2000.

39. U.S. Department of Education. National Center for Education Statistics. Student Financing of Undergraduate Education: 1995- 96, NCES 98-076, by Lutz Berkner. Project Officer: Andrew Malizio. Washington DC: 1998.

40. See endnote 38..

41. The National Commission on Teaching and America's Future. What Matters Most: Teaching for America's Future. New York: 1996.

42. National Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education. Washington, D.C. 1999.

43.  Farkas, Steve and Jean Johnson with Ann Duffett. Different Drummers: How Teachers of Teachers View Public Education. New York: Public Agenda. 1997.

46. U.S. Department of Education. National Center for Education Statistics, Schools and Staffing Survey, 1993-94.

44. See endnote 4..

45. U.S. Department of Education. National Center for Education Statistics, Teacher Quality: A Report on the Preparation and Qualifications of Public School Teachers, NCES 1999-080, by Laurie Lewis, Basmat Parsad, Nancy Carey, Nicole Bartfai, Elizabeth Farris, and Becky Smerdon. Bernie Greene, project officer. Washington, DC: 1999.

47. U.S. U.S. Department of Education. National Center for Education Statistics, 1998 Teacher Survey on Professional Development and Training. Fast Response Survey System, 1999. Unpublished tabulations.

48. See endnote 46..

49. Haselkorn, David and Elizabeth Fideler. Learning the Ropes: Urban Teacher Induction Programs and Practices in the United States, Belmont, MA: Recruiting New Teachers, Inc. 1999.

50. See endnote 44..

51. The National Commission on Teaching and America's Future. What Matters Most: Teaching for America's Future. New York: 1996.

52. Ibid.

53. Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2000. Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office: 1999.

54. U.S. Department of Education. Fiscal Year 2001 Justifications of Appropriations Estimates to the Congress: Volume I.

55. Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2001. Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office: 2000.

56. U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. Distance Education at Postsecondary Education Institutions: 1997-98. NCES 2000-013, by Laurie Lewis, Kyle Snow, Elizabeth Farris, Douglas Levin. Bernie Greene, project officer. Washington, DC: 1999.

57. See endnote 17..

58. U.S. Department of Education. Fiscal Year 2001 Justifications of Appropriations Estimates to the Congress: Volume II.

59. See endnote 17..

60. See endnote 17..