Most objections to using random assignment to evaluate drug and violence prevention programs are based on perceptions that it is unfair, denies program services to individuals, or withholds effective services. These perceptions are often based on misunderstandings about the nature of this technique.

• Is random assignment unfair? The answer is no. Random assignment provides everyone who is recruited for a program an equal chance of receiving program services. This is not the case with all assignment methods. For example, assigning individuals based on perceived need is unfair because perceptions of need may be biased. Similarly, assigning individuals on a first-come, first-served basis is unfair because it discriminates against individuals whom you recruit later.

• Does random assignment bring about denial of services? Again, the answer is no. Few prevention programs have the resources to provide services to all members of a target population. When a program reaches its service capacity, new clients are turned away whether or not random assignment is in place.

• Does random assignment withhold effective services? The purpose of evaluating a program is to determine service effectiveness. Random assignment provides the best information possible about program effectiveness. This knowledge will allow you to make good decisions about the program's future -- including whether or not to expand it to serve a greater percentage of your target population.